Hydraulic accumulator.



.1. GRAHAM.

HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATOR,

APPLICATION men SEPTA. I914.

Patented km 12, 191$.

3 SHEETS-SHEET J. GRAHAM.

HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATOB. Ag'PLIcATIoNmED SEPTA. m4.

Patented Mm. 12, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- J. GRAHAM. HYDRAULIC ACCUMULA'TOR. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 4. 19M.

mamas Patented Ma1z12, 19l8. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

NTE a SATES JESSE GRAHAM, 0F LEEDS, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO BRADFORD DYERS ASSOCIATION LIMITED, OF BRADFORD, ENGLAND.

' HYDRAULIC ACCUMULA'IOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 12, 1918.

Application filed September 4, 1914. Serial No. 860,176.

or pressing fabrics, and for performing.

other functions, it is often desirable that the pressure transmitted from said accumulator to the goods being treated should be reduced or variedso that for certain classes of goods or to perform certain treatments the pressure may be considerable, while for others it may be lessened to meet the circumstances or requirements of the particular work that has to be carried out. My apparatus is designed to attain this object in connection with hydraulic accumulators which exert given and fixed pressures with out altering the pressure of said accumulators. .According to my said invention Iuse a differential piston in a cylinder, one end of which is connected to the source of pressure and the other end to the apparatus to which pressure is to be applied, inconjuno, tion with a valve or by-pass intervening between said accumulators andthe appara tus to which they have to apply pressure, controlled by the piston itself. Variability is secured by varying the effective surface of the high pressure side of the differential.

piston. V 1

A further object of my invention is to secure smoothness and regularity in the working of the apparatus so that shocksand jerky vibrations are'avoided and this I attain by the use of the. aforesaid by-pass or valve actuated directly by theoperating piston so that a very sensitive action of the apparatus is secured.

In the accompanying sheets of drawings: V I

Fi re 11 is a side elevation .of. apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is'a view of the same as seen in the direction indicated by the arrow a.

Fig. 3 is a plan of the parts shown by Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of a cylinder and piston used in the apparatus illustrated by the Figs. 1 and 2, the same being drawn to an enlarged scale.

Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are similar views to Fig. l, but illustrate certain of the parts varying in size for the purpose hereinafter described.

Fig. 9 is a front elevation of a calendering machine showing the application theretoof my improved parts.

Fig. 10 is a plan of the machine shown by Fig. 9.

In carrying my invention into effect I arrange a cylinder 2 of appropriate dimensions to be supported by suitable framework 3, so that the pressure of the water from the accumulator, diagrammatically indicated at A, (which may be appropriately arranged to supply same through the pipe 4-) may be always conducted directly to one end of said cylinder as through the pipe l, and through the valve or by-pass 7 to the other end of said cylinder through the pipe t The piston rod 5 of the differential piston 5 within the cylinder 2 is secured to a cross head or sliding part 5 which slides upon the guiding surface 3 of the framework 3. This piston 5 has its pressure surface of less area on that side of it (which in this case is shown to be its upper surface) from which extends its guiding rod 5 than is the area at the other side of said piston 5. This latter is the full area of the cross section of the cylinder 2, while the former is said full area less the cross sectional area of the rod 5 which is subtracted from it, by which construction the water which is directed or conducted to the upper end of the cylinder acts upon the smaller area to force the piston 5 therein in such direction (that is downward) as to cause it to press the water on the other side through said water to the apparatus to which said pressure has to be applied, as for example, through the pipe 4* and forward from the pipe 4: to therams 6 and 6 of a calendering machine shown by Figs. 9 and 10, said calendering machine and said rams being of the usual and well known type. parts to this machine are given as an example so that those having a knowledgewf this type of apparatus will understand how the same may be applied to other similar mechanism and for like purposes.

As before stated, the pipe 4: leads from the pipe 4 to the lower part of the cylinder 2, said pipe 4 being provided with the valve 7. actuated by a lever 7 which is connected by the rods 7 and 7 c to the sliding part 5 .When the pressure on the lower side of the piston falls to such a point that the full pressure of water supplied through the pipe t operates the piston 5 and causes it to descend, the lever 7 a will be moved so as to open the valve 7 and water under pressure will be admitted to the pipe t and the cylinders of the rams 6 and 6 as well as to the pipe 4". The water entering from the pipe 45 acting upon the under surface of the piston 5, will cause the same to recede until it again closes the valve 7 and shuts ofi the fullpower of the pressure water from the pipe 49, the cylinder 2, the pipe 4 and the rams 6 and 6. Water will thus be imprisoned or retained between the under surface of the piston 5 and the rams 6 and 6 and since water at accumulator pressure will now only be acting upon the upper smaller ar'eaof the piston 5 such pressure will be transmitted by or through the larger lower area of said piston 5 to the rams 6 and 6*, hence such pressure is reduced in the proportion that the lesser area has to the greater area of said piston 5.

To enable the users of apparatus (in connection with which my said cylinder and piston. devices are arranged) to vary the same so as to transmit different pressures from the same supply pressure, I make the piston 5 so that it may be readily removed from its cylinder 2, thus I may remove the same and place therein another piston with a rod 5 of larger diameter to reduce the pressure that has to be transmitted. Or I may replace said piston 5by another having a rod 5 of smaller diameter so as to increase said transmitted pressure. To illustrate somewhat how the variations in the transmitted pressure may be regulated I show by Figs. t, 5, 6, 7 and 8 pistons 5 with rods 5 of increasing diameter com mencing with that shown by Fig. 4, which is of comparatively small diameter and fin ishing with Fig. 8, which is of very much lar 'erdi'amet'er.

"he type or class of machines hereinbe- The application of ,.my improved pressure transmitted was immediately and automatically controlled, a jerky action or shock would be transmitted to the apparatus and damage might result to the goods being treated. By the use of the valve or by-pass 7 actuated by the piston 5 as described great sensitiveness is secured and shocks and jerky vibrations are avoided. On the pressure of the calender (for instance) being relieved, the lowering of pressure in the pipe 4" and 4L causes a small instantaneous lowering of the piston and openingv of the bypass to supply the deficienc'y of pressure and the piston immediately again rises to close the valve, the movement being so small that no serious disturbance of the pressure takes place and shocks are avoided.

Such being the nature and object of my said invention, what 'I claim is 1. The combination with a hydraulic accumulator, of a cylinder, a piston therein,

said cylinder on opposite sides of the piston,

a valve in said pipe between the branches, connections from the piston rod to said valve, and pipe connections leading from said supply pipe at one side of said valve to convey the reduced pressure to a unit to be actuated thereby.

2. The combination with a hydraulic accumulator, of a cylinder, a piston therein having a rod extended therefrom, said rod being so connected as to reduce the pressure area of the piston on the side from'which the rod extends, a supply pipe leading from said accumulator,branches leading from said Supply pipe to said cylinder on opposite sides of the piston, a valve in said pipe between saidbranches, connections from the piston rod to the said valve, and pipe connections leadin from said supply pipe at one side of saic' valve to convey the reduced pressure to a unit to be actuated thereby.

3. The combination with a hydraulic accumulator, of a cylinder, a piston therein having. a rod extended therefrom, guiding devices for keeping the piston rod. in its proper path beyond said cylinder, a supply pipe leading from said accumulator, branches leading. from said supplypipe to said cylinder on opposite sides'of the piston, a valve in said pipe between said branches, connections from the piston rod to from said supply pipe at one side of said valve to convey the reduced pressure to a unit to be actuated thereby.

4. The combination with a hydraulic accumulator, of a cylinder, a piston therein having a rod extended therefrom, a supply pipe leading from said accumulator, branches leading from said supply pipe to said cylinder on opposite sides of the piston, a valve in said supply pipe between said 10 branches, connections from the piston rod to said valve, a ram, and pipe connections leading from the supply pipe at one side of said valve and connected with said ram.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence 15 Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G." 

